Instead scientists try to establish that a particular model, theory, or law has a very high probability(90-99%)of being true and thus is classified as reliable science.
反而科學家們會設立一個特別的模型、理論、規則，這些有高機率會是真的因此被歸類為可靠的科學。
Most scientists rarely say something like, "Cigarettes cause lung cancer."
大多數的科學家很少會這樣說：「抽菸會導致肺癌。」
Rather, they might say, "Overwhelming evidence from thousands of studies indicates that people who smoke have an increased risk of developing lung cancer."
反而他們會這樣說:「根據數以千計的報告指出，抽菸會增加罹患肺癌的危險。」
2009年3月25日 星期三
第1-5章。We Can Work Together to Solve Enviromental Problems。第二段
Solutions to environmental problems are not black and white, but rather all shades of gray because proponents of all sides of these issues have some legitimate and useful insights.
解決環境問題並不是黑白分明的，反而是處於灰色地帶的，因為在這議題的支持者這邊有的是合情合理且有用的看法。
This means that citizens can strive to build social capital by finding trade-off solutions to environmental problems－an important theme of this book.
這就表示市民們可以藉由發現並交換環境問題的解答而努力去創造社會資本，這在本書是一個重要的議題。
They can also try to agree on shared visions of the future and work together to develop strategies for implementing such visions beginning at the local level,such as citizens of Chattanooga, Tennessee(USA), have done.
他們也能努力認同並分享對未來的看法而且ㄧ起努力並發展出能實施這些看法且是以基礎為開始的策略，就像事已經做了的查怒特加市和田納西州的市民ㄧ樣。
解決環境問題並不是黑白分明的，反而是處於灰色地帶的，因為在這議題的支持者這邊有的是合情合理且有用的看法。
This means that citizens can strive to build social capital by finding trade-off solutions to environmental problems－an important theme of this book.
這就表示市民們可以藉由發現並交換環境問題的解答而努力去創造社會資本，這在本書是一個重要的議題。
They can also try to agree on shared visions of the future and work together to develop strategies for implementing such visions beginning at the local level,such as citizens of Chattanooga, Tennessee(USA), have done.
他們也能努力認同並分享對未來的看法而且ㄧ起努力並發展出能實施這些看法且是以基礎為開始的策略，就像事已經做了的查怒特加市和田納西州的市民ㄧ樣。
2009年3月18日 星期三
第1-5章。CASE STUDY。第二段
During the 1960s U.S. government officials rated Chattanooga as having the dirtiest air in the United States.
在60年代的美國政府官員評估查特努加市是擁有美國最骯髒的空氣。
Its air was so polluted by smoke from its coke ovens and steel mills that people sometimes had to turn on their vehicle headlights in the middle of the day.
它的空氣是被炭爐和鋼廠的煙所污染，所以人們有時必須在正中午的時候就打開車頭燈。
The Tennessee River flowing through the city's industrial center bubbled with toxic waste.
田納西河流過城市的工業中心，然後和有毒的廢物一起起泡泡。
People and industries fled the downtown area and left a wasteland of abandoned and polluting factories, boarded-up buildings, high unemployment, and crime.
人們和工廠逃離城市而且留下一處被遺棄的荒地和污染的工廠、被木板覆蓋的大樓、高失業率、和犯罪率。
在60年代的美國政府官員評估查特努加市是擁有美國最骯髒的空氣。
Its air was so polluted by smoke from its coke ovens and steel mills that people sometimes had to turn on their vehicle headlights in the middle of the day.
它的空氣是被炭爐和鋼廠的煙所污染，所以人們有時必須在正中午的時候就打開車頭燈。
The Tennessee River flowing through the city's industrial center bubbled with toxic waste.
田納西河流過城市的工業中心，然後和有毒的廢物一起起泡泡。
People and industries fled the downtown area and left a wasteland of abandoned and polluting factories, boarded-up buildings, high unemployment, and crime.
人們和工廠逃離城市而且留下一處被遺棄的荒地和污染的工廠、被木板覆蓋的大樓、高失業率、和犯罪率。
2009年3月4日 星期三
Week3 翻譯(第1-3章。第二小節。第二小段)
If a country's, or the world's, total ecological footprint is larger than its biological capacity to replenish its renewable resources and absorb the resulting waste products and pollution, it is said have an ecological deficit.
假如一個國家，或是整個世界，它的總生態足跡是比補充它的可再生資源和吸收所導致的廢物和汙染的生物的能力大，這就像是可能會有生態赤字ㄧ樣。
In 2006, the World Wildlife Fund and the Global Footprint Network estimated that humanity's global ecological footprint exceeded the earth's biological capacity by 25%(Figure1-8,bottom).
在2006年，世界野生動物基金和全球足跡網路估計人類在全球的生態足跡已經超出了地球生物能力的大約25％(底下圖1-8)。
That figure was about 88% in the world's high-income countries, with the United States having the world's largest total ecological footprint.
If the current continues, the Global Footprint Network estimates that by 2050 humanity will be trying to use twice as many renewable resources as the planet can supply(Figure1-8)(Concept1-3).
這張圖說明在全球大約有88％的是在高所得國家，而美國就擁有了全世界最大的生態足跡。如果近年使用可再生資源持續的以指數型態成長，全球足跡網路估計在2050年人類將會試圖使用地球所提供的可再生資源的兩倍(圖1-8)(觀念1-3)。
See Figure 3 on pp.S16-S17 and Figure 5 on p. S19 in Supplement 4 for maps of human ecological footprints for the world and the United States and Figure 4 on p.S18 for a map of countries that are ecological debtors and those that are ecological creditors.
參閱在pp.S16-S17的圖3和在p.S19圖5補充4的一張人類生態足跡在全世界和美國的圖和在p.S18圖4ㄧ張國家的生態債務人和那些生態債權人的圖。
假如一個國家，或是整個世界，它的總生態足跡是比補充它的可再生資源和吸收所導致的廢物和汙染的生物的能力大，這就像是可能會有生態赤字ㄧ樣。
In 2006, the World Wildlife Fund and the Global Footprint Network estimated that humanity's global ecological footprint exceeded the earth's biological capacity by 25%(Figure1-8,bottom).
在2006年，世界野生動物基金和全球足跡網路估計人類在全球的生態足跡已經超出了地球生物能力的大約25％(底下圖1-8)。
That figure was about 88% in the world's high-income countries, with the United States having the world's largest total ecological footprint.
If the current continues, the Global Footprint Network estimates that by 2050 humanity will be trying to use twice as many renewable resources as the planet can supply(Figure1-8)(Concept1-3).
這張圖說明在全球大約有88％的是在高所得國家，而美國就擁有了全世界最大的生態足跡。如果近年使用可再生資源持續的以指數型態成長，全球足跡網路估計在2050年人類將會試圖使用地球所提供的可再生資源的兩倍(圖1-8)(觀念1-3)。
See Figure 3 on pp.S16-S17 and Figure 5 on p. S19 in Supplement 4 for maps of human ecological footprints for the world and the United States and Figure 4 on p.S18 for a map of countries that are ecological debtors and those that are ecological creditors.
參閱在pp.S16-S17的圖3和在p.S19圖5補充4的一張人類生態足跡在全世界和美國的圖和在p.S18圖4ㄧ張國家的生態債務人和那些生態債權人的圖。
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